進入職場後，我們常開玩笑的說：在學校裡真正「學」到的是如何記憶，更確切的說應該是死背。但我們最後發現，大部份的人根本不懂得如何記憶。問問身邊的人，八九不離十會說記憶法就是「反覆背誦」。
但事實並非如此。你如果想快速又透徹的記得一件事，重複背誦遠不如「回憶」來得有效。不會嗎？沒關係，回憶是需要學習的，而每個人的學習方法不同，因此需要先瞭解你的學習方式。以下幾個簡單的步驟能幫你掌握回憶的訣竅，這樣一來要在短時間內記住一堆數據就再也不是不可能的任務了。
開始前，我必須先確認你屬於聽覺式學習、視覺式學習還是體驗式學習者？如果你是聽覺式學習者，想當然能靠著聽覺掌握資訊。同樣的道理也運用在視覺式學習者，而體驗式學習者則透過實際操練達到學習目的。大多數人會綜合至少兩種以上的學習法，但在此的記憶法會標示各步驟適用的學習者，這樣一來你就能輕鬆掌握快速記憶並提高效率。
一：準備好首先，慎選你的所在地。大部份人會為減少周遭的誘惑，選擇獨處。當然也有少數人在公共場所能達到較高的學習效果。所以，在開始學習前，先選個最讓你能夠專心的地方。接著，喝一點茶。有一堆報導指出綠茶是增進記憶的催化劑。以物理學來說，當我們「回憶」資訊時關係到大腦神經元與其空隙間突觸的強度。你越常讓突觸運作，它的能力就越強，也就能強化記憶。綠茶還有其他功效。它含有的化合物能阻斷毒性並且延長你大腦細胞的壽命，讓有毒化學物質不會隨著我們年齡增長損壞神經元和突觸，導致記憶退化甚至是阿茲海默症。
二：錄下來這會是記下授課內容的最佳方法：用錄音機把所有授課重點錄下並聽它。如果你要背演講稿，先閱讀稿子並把它錄下，然後重複聽。當然，它的好處是能讓你藉由課堂中的情境更快記下資訊。適用：聽覺式學習者
三：寫下來在你從記憶深處挖出你所要的資訊前，重複寫下你要記的東西，藉由這個動作你會對它越來越熟悉，要是邊聽你的錄音邊寫，還能幫助你記下更多資訊。適用：體驗式學習者
四：再分段你筆記本密密麻麻的內容常常讓你不知道從何讀起嗎？試著把它們分段吧，像是用顏色分隔段落，也就此讓資訊在被記憶吸收時能先被歸類。適用：視覺式學習者
五：重複背誦在閱讀文字時，重複讀個幾遍然後試著闔上書本書默背，每次背一遍就多加一點，如此能保持舊的資訊在你的短暫記憶的迴路中，持續到你能夠背起所有的資料為止。在還沒能夠把原本的段落牢記之前，不要跳入下個部分。這種方法適用於視覺學習者，但如果你同時邊大聲朗誦，那麼也等於在使用聽覺學習。適用：視覺式學習者/聽覺式學習者
六：憑記憶默寫現在既然你已經把整個段落記在腦海中了，那就藉著記憶寫下它吧。這個經驗性的行為能迫使你記憶更加深刻。適用：體驗式學習者
七：教別人要記得最透徹，最好的方法就是當老師教別人。當然做法有很多種，你可以教坐在你前面的人，即興的向他解釋來龍去脈。如果你的資訊必須被朗誦出來，就更要找練習對象了，這麼做可以讓自己體會聽眾在場的感受。筆者最喜歡的方法是為別人設計考卷，從資訊中預測別人會出現的問題。用選擇題、配對題等，再看別人的成績如何。在你練習和分析的過程中，已經達到體驗式學習的目的了。適用：體驗式學習者
八：重複不斷聽你知道洗衣或開車時也能加強記憶嗎？利用這時間播放你錄下的資訊。雖然聽來簡單，卻能增加你短期記憶中資訊的牢固度。適用：聽覺式學習者
九：休息！最後，讓自己的大腦喘口氣，暫時脫離剛才學習的資訊，過一會兒再繼續。這樣你會知道自己真正學會了哪些，也能讓你專攻較弱的部分。
原文和圖片連結：http://www.lifehack.org/articles/productivity/how-memorize-things-quicker-than-other-people.html
英文：
Productivity by Jon Negroni 860 Shares
People like to joke that the only thing you really “learn” in school is how to memorize. As it turns out, that’s not even the case for most of us. If you go around the room and ask a handful of people how to memorize things quickly, most of them will probably tell you repetition.
That is so far from the truth, it’s running for office. If you want to memorize something quickly and thoroughly, repetition won’t cut it; however, recalling something will. The problem is that recalling something requires learning, and we all learn in different ways. Below are some universal steps to mastering the art of recalling so that you can start memorizing a ton of data in a short amount of time.
Before we start, you need to establish something: are you an auditory, visual, or experiential learner? If you’re an auditory learner, then the most effective way for you to grasp information is by hearing it. As you can imagine, visual learners favor seeing something in order to learn it, and experiential learning types are more akin to learning from events and experiences (or, doing something with the material). Most of us are a combination of at least two of these categories, but I will denote which step is most favorable to your most agreeable learning style so that you can start to memorize things quickly and efficiently.
Step 1: Preparation
To optimize your memorization session, pay close attention to which environment you choose. For most people, this means choosing an area with few distractions, though some people do thrive off of learning in public areas. Figure out what is most conducive to your learning so that you can get started.
Next, start drinking some tea. I could link you to mounds of scientific studies that confirm green tea as a natural catalyst for improving memory. Mechanically speaking, our ability to recall information comes down to the strength between neurons in our mind, which are connected by synapses. The more you exercise the synapse (repetition), the stronger it is, resulting in the ability to memorize.
As we get older, toxic chemicals will damage our neurons and synapses, leading to memory loss and even Alzheimer’s. Green tea contains compounds, however, that block this toxicity and keep your brain cells working properly a lot longer.
Step 2: Record What You’re Memorizing
This is especially useful if you’re trying to memorize information from a lecture. Use a tape recorder to track all of the acquired facts being spoken and listen to it. If you’re trying to memorize a speech, record yourself reading the speech aloud and listen to yourself speaking. Obviously, this is most helpful for auditory learners, but it’s also handy because it ensures that you’re getting more context from a lecture that will help you learn the information faster.
Step 3: Write Everything Down
Before you start trying to recall everything from memory, write and re-write the information. This will help you become more familiar with what you’re trying to memorize. Doing this while listening to your tape recorder can also help you retain a lot of the data. This is most useful for experiential learners.
Step 4: Section your notes.
Now that you have everything written down in one set of notes, separate them into sections. This is ideal for visual learners, especially if you use color coding to differentiate between subjects. This will help you break everything down and start compartmentalizing the information being recorded in your brain.
Step 5: Apply repetition to cumulative memorization
For each line of text, repeat it a few times and try to recall it without looking. As you memorize each set of text, be cumulative by adding the new information to what you’ve just learned. This will keep everything within your short-term memory from fading. Keep doing this until you have memorized that section and you are able to recall the entire thing. Do not move on to another section until you have memorized that one completely. This is mostly visual learning, but if you are speaking aloud, then you are also applying auditory.
Step 6: Write it down from memory
Now that you can recall entire sections, write everything down from memory. This will reinforce everything you just have just learned by applying it experientially.
Step 7: Teach it to someone (or yourself)
The most effective method for me when I was in school was to teach the information to someone else. You can do this in a variety of ways. You can lecture the knowledge to someone sitting right in front of you (or the mirror, if you can’t convince anyone to sit through it) and explain everything extemporaneously. If what you’ve learned needs to be recited verbatim, then do this in front of someone as well in order to get a feel for what it will be like to recite the text to the intended audience.
My favorite method for this is creating tests for other people. Take the information and predict what questions will come out of them. Use multiple choice, matching and so on to present the data in test format, and see how someone else does. All of this is experiential learning, since you are actually practicing and manipulating the concepts you’ve learned.
Step 8: Listen to the recordings continuously
While doing unrelated tasks like laundry or driving, go over the information again by listening to your tape recordings. This is certainly auditory learning, but it will still supplement everything you’ve shoved into your short-term memory.
Step 9: Take a break
Finally, let your mind breathe. Go for a short time without thinking about what you just learned and come back to it later on. You’ll find out what you really know, of course, and this will help you focus on the sections you might be weakest at.
Jon is the author of the Pixar Theory and has way too much time on his hands. He is also the founder of Scryptwriter, a publishing platform for aspiring writers.
Rita。玩弄筆墨 (3)